Weekly Contest #86

(Ended)

Standings

Q1.

A piecewise linear function is defined by\[f(x) = \begin{cases} x & \operatorname{if} ~ -1 \leq x < 1 \\ 2 - x & \operatorname{if} ~ 1 \leq x < 3\end{cases}\]and $f(x + 4) = f(x)$ for all real numbers $x$. The graph of $f(x)$ has the sawtooth pattern depicted below.

[asy] import graph; size(300); Label f; f.p=fontsize(6); yaxis(-2,2,Ticks(f, 2.0)); xaxis(-6.5,6.5,Ticks(f, 2.0)); draw((0, 0)..(1/4,sqrt(1/136))..(1/2,sqrt(1/68))..(0.75,sqrt(0.75/34))..(1, sqrt(1/34))..(2, sqrt(2/34))..(3, sqrt(3/34))..(4, sqrt(4/34))..(5, sqrt(5/34))..(6, sqrt(6/34))..(7, sqrt(7/34))..(8, sqrt(8/34)), red); draw((0, 0)..(1/4,-sqrt(1/136))..(0.5,-sqrt(1/68))..(0.75,-sqrt(0.75/34))..(1, -sqrt(1/34))..(2, -sqrt(2/34))..(3, -sqrt(3/34))..(4, -sqrt(4/34))..(5, -sqrt(5/34))..(6, -sqrt(6/34))..(7, -sqrt(7/34))..(8, -sqrt(8/34)), red); draw((-7,0)--(7,0), black+0.8bp); draw((0,-2.2)--(0,2.2), black+0.8bp); draw((-6,-0.1)--(-6,0.1), black); draw((-4,-0.1)--(-4,0.1), black); draw((-2,-0.1)--(-2,0.1), black); draw((0,-0.1)--(0,0.1), black); draw((2,-0.1)--(2,0.1), black); draw((4,-0.1)--(4,0.1), black); draw((6,-0.1)--(6,0.1), black); draw((-7,1)..(-5,-1), blue); draw((-5,-1)--(-3,1), blue); draw((-3,1)--(-1,-1), blue); draw((-1,-1)--(1,1), blue); draw((1,1)--(3,-1), blue); draw((3,-1)--(5,1), blue); draw((5,1)--(7,-1), blue); [/asy]

The parabola $x = 34y^{2}$ intersects the graph of $f(x)$ at finitely many points. The sum of the $y$-coordinates of all these intersection points can be expressed in the form $\tfrac{a + b\sqrt{c}}{d}$, where $a$, $b$, $c$, and $d$ are positive integers such that $a$, $b$, $d$ have greatest common divisor equal to $1$, and $c$ is not divisible by the square of any prime. Find $a + b + c + d$.

Answer must be a floating-point or integer value and precision error less than 10^-6 is allowed.


Editorial
Tags: Algebra Geometry

Q2.

The $27$ cells of a $3 \times 9$ grid are filled in using the numbers $1$ through $9$ so that each row contains $9$ different numbers, and each of the three $3 \times 3$ blocks heavily outlined in the example below contains $9$ different numbers, as in the first three rows of a Sudoku puzzle.

[asy] unitsize(20); add(grid(9,3)); draw((0,0)--(9,0)--(9,3)--(0,3)--cycle, linewidth(2)); draw((3,0)--(3,3), linewidth(2)); draw((6,0)--(6,3), linewidth(2)); real a = 0.5; label("5",(a,a)); label("6",(1+a,a)); label("1",(2+a,a)); label("8",(3+a,a)); label("4",(4+a,a)); label("7",(5+a,a)); label("9",(6+a,a)); label("2",(7+a,a)); label("3",(8+a,a)); label("3",(a,1+a)); label("7",(1+a,1+a)); label("9",(2+a,1+a)); label("5",(3+a,1+a)); label("2",(4+a,1+a)); label("1",(5+a,1+a)); label("6",(6+a,1+a)); label("8",(7+a,1+a)); label("4",(8+a,1+a)); label("4",(a,2+a)); label("2",(1+a,2+a)); label("8",(2+a,2+a)); label("9",(3+a,2+a)); label("6",(4+a,2+a)); label("3",(5+a,2+a)); label("1",(6+a,2+a)); label("7",(7+a,2+a)); label("5",(8+a,2+a)); [/asy]

The number of different ways to fill such a grid can be written as $p^a \cdot q^b \cdot r^c \cdot s^d$ where $p$, $q$, $r$, and $s$ are distinct prime numbers and $a$, $b$, $c$, $d$ are positive integers. Find $p \cdot a + q \cdot b + r \cdot c + s \cdot d$.

Answer must be a floating-point or integer value and precision error less than 10^-6 is allowed.


Editorial
Tags: Combinatorics

Q3.

The parabola with equation $y = x^2 - 4$ is rotated $60^\circ$ counterclockwise around the origin. The unique point in the fourth quadrant where the original parabola and its image intersect has $y$-coordinate $\frac{a - \sqrt{b}}{c}$, where $a$, $b$, and $c$ are positive integers, and $a$ and $c$ are relatively prime. Find $a + b + c$.

Answer must be a floating-point or integer value and precision error less than 10^-6 is allowed.


Editorial
Tags: Algebra Geometry

Q4.

The twelve letters $A$,$B$,$C$,$D$,$E$,$F$,$G$,$H$,$I$,$J$,$K$, and $L$ are randomly grouped into six pairs of letters. The two letters in each pair are placed next to each other in alphabetical order to form six two-letter words, and then those six words are listed alphabetically. For example, a possible result is $AB$, $CJ$, $DG$, $EK$, $FL$, $HI$. The probability that the last word listed contains $G$ is $\frac mn$, where $m$ and $n$ are relatively prime positive integers. Find $m+n$.

Answer must be a floating-point or integer value and precision error less than 10^-6 is allowed.


Editorial
Tags: Combinatorics Probability